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Human papillomavirus was one of the first viruses identified in human cancers.

pproximately 40 subtypes spread sexually. Two types, HPV-16 and HPV-18, account for most cases of poist. -linkki-----------             cervical cancer in the U.S. Most women with HPV are asymptomatic and don't get cervical cancer; when and if malignancy develops, it's usually 20, 30 years or longer after initial infection. Most often, oropharyngeal cancers are caused by the HPV-16 subtype.

"The mechanisms by which HPV causes cancer are pretty well-established," Gillison says. Two viral genes, called E6 and E7, are implicated. The virus itself contains only a few genes; it can't propagate apart from human cells. But once HPV has infected poist.linkki squamous cellss like those lining the cervix, anus, or pharynx,  ------linkki E6 and-------linkki E7  take over critical machinery that control processes like DNA repair, cell cycle, and maturation, she explains. Because the virus interferes with signals thqat normally regulate cell growth, HPV-infected cells tend to survive and replicate.